Ke hoʻāʻo nei nā ʻepekema i nā mea e pono ai i kēlā me kēia lā e ʻike i nā hana pale maikaʻi loa e kūʻē i ka coronavirus.ʻO nā ʻeke uluna, nā pālule flannel a me nā ʻeke ʻeke ʻeke origami nā moho āpau.
Manaʻo nā luna olakino Federal e hoʻohana i ka lole e uhi i ka maka i ka wā maʻi coronavirus.Akā, ʻo wai ka mea e hāʻawi i ka pale nui loa?
Ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā Centers for Disease Control and Prevention i nā hiʻohiʻona mask seamless i hana ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mīkina lima a me nā kānana kope, a me nā wikiō e pili ana i ka hana ʻana i nā masks me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kaula hao a me nā lole i pelu ʻia i loaʻa ma ka home.
ʻOiai hiki i ka uhi maka maʻalahi ke hōʻemi i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka coronavirus ma o ka pale ʻana i nā maʻi bacteria ʻē aʻe i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka ʻū ʻana a i ʻole ka ʻū ʻana o kahi mea maʻi, ʻōlelo ka poʻe loea i ka nui o ka pale ʻana o ka homemade masks i ka mea hoʻohana mai ka bacteria ma muli o ke kūpono o ka huahana.Nā mea i hoʻohana ʻia.
Ua hoʻomaka ka poʻe ʻepekema ma ka ʻāina e ʻike i nā mea hana o kēlā me kēia lā i hiki ke kānana maikaʻi i nā ʻāpana microscopic.I nā ho'āʻo hou nei, ua kiʻekiʻe nā kānana kapuahi HEPA, nā ʻeke hoʻomaʻemaʻe maloʻo, 600 mau pahu uluna a me nā lole like me nā lole moe flannel.Ua loaʻa maʻalahi nā kānana kope kope.Loaʻa ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa loa i nā mea scarf a me nā lima lima, akā ua hopu ʻia kekahi mau ʻāpana liʻiliʻi.
Inā ʻaʻohe mea i hoʻāʻo ʻia, hiki i kahi hoʻāʻo māmā maʻalahi ke kōkua iā ʻoe e hoʻoholo inā ʻo ka lole ke koho kūpono no nā masks.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Kauka Scott Segal, ka luna o ka anesthesiology ma Wake Forest Baptist Health: "E kau iā ia ma lalo o ke kukui mālamalama," ua aʻo ʻo ia i nā masks homemade."Inā hele maʻalahi ke kukui i loko o ka fiber a aneane hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ka fiber, a laila ʻaʻole ia he lole maikaʻi.Inā ua ulana ʻia ʻoe me kahi mea ʻoi aku ka mānoanoa a ʻaʻole i hele ka mālamalama i kēlā nui, ʻo ia ka mea āu e makemake ai e hoʻohana i nā mea.
Ua ʻōlelo ka poʻe noiʻi he mea nui e hoʻomanaʻo ua hana ʻia ka noiʻi ʻana ma lalo o nā kūlana kūpono ʻole me ka ʻole o nā leaka a i ʻole nā ​​āpau i ka mask, akā hāʻawi ke ʻano hoʻāʻo iā mākou i kahi ala e hoʻohālikelike ai i nā mea.ʻOiai he haʻahaʻa ka pae kānana o kekahi mau masks homemade, ʻo ka hapa nui o mākou (noho ma ka home a me ka hele ʻana i ka lehulehu ma nā wahi ākea) ʻaʻole pono i ka pae kiʻekiʻe o ka pale e pono ai nā limahana lapaʻau.ʻO ka mea nui, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kēlā me kēia pale maka ma mua o ka pale maka ʻole, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi inā i loaʻa i ka maʻi maʻi akā ʻaʻole ʻike i ka maʻi maʻi.
ʻO ka paʻakikī nui loa i ke koho ʻana i kahi mea huna i hana ponoʻī ʻia ʻo ka ʻimi ʻana i kahi lole i paʻa i ka hopu ʻana i nā mea maʻi virus, akā hiki ke hanu a lawa i ka lole maoli.Loaʻa nā helu kānana kiʻekiʻe o kekahi mau mea i hoʻolaha ʻia ma ka Pūnaewele, akā ʻaʻole e pau kēia mea.
Ua hana ʻo Wang Wang, ke kaukaʻi kōkua o ka ʻenekinia kaiapuni ma Missouri University of Science and Technology, me kāna mau haumāna puka ma nā hui like ʻole o nā mea multilayer, me nā kānana ea a me nā lole.Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Dr. Wang: "Pono ʻoe i kahi mea hiki ke wehe pono i nā ʻāpana, akā pono ʻoe e hanu."Ua lanakila ʻo Dr. Wang i ka International Aerosol Research Award i ka hāʻule hope loa.
I mea e hoʻāʻo ai i nā mea i kēlā me kēia lā, hoʻohana nā ʻepekema i nā ʻano like me nā mea i hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻāʻo ai i nā masks lapaʻau, a ʻae nā mea a pau e hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā limahana lapaʻau i ʻike ʻia i nā maʻi kiʻekiʻe o ka maʻi ma muli o ke kipa ʻana i nā poʻe maʻi.ʻO nā māka lapaʻau maikaʻi loa i kapa ʻia ʻo N95 gas masks - kānana ma kahi o 95% o nā mea liʻiliʻi e like me ka 0.3 microns.ʻO ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, ʻo kahi mask surgical maʻamau (i hana ʻia me ka lole pleated rectangular me nā apo pepeiao elastic) he 60% a 80%.
Ua hoʻāʻo ka hui o Kauka Wang i ʻelua ʻano kānana ea.ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka kānana HVAC e hōʻemi ana i nā allergies, me hoʻokahi papa e hopu ana i ka 89% o nā ʻāpana a me nā papa ʻelua e hopu ana i ka 94% o nā ʻāpana.Hoʻopili ka kānana umu ahi i ka 75% o ka wai ma nā papa ʻelua, akā e lawe i ʻeono mau papa a hiki i 95%.No ka huli ʻana i kahi kānana e like me ka mea i hoʻāʻo ʻia, e ʻimi i ka helu haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa e hōʻike ana i ka maikaʻi (MERV) o 12 a i ʻole ke kiʻekiʻe, a i ʻole ka helu hana particulate o 1900 a ʻoi paha.
ʻO ka pilikia me nā kānana ea, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokuʻu i nā kaula liʻiliʻi hiki ke hoʻohū ʻino.No laila, inā makemake ʻoe e hoʻohana i kahi kānana, pono ʻoe e kāwīwī i ka kānana ma waena o ʻelua papa o ka lole pulupulu.Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Dr. Wang, ua hana kekahi o kāna mau haumāna puka i kāna mask ponoʻī e like me nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo i loko o ka wikiō CDC, akā ua hoʻohui i kekahi mau papa o nā mea kānana i ka scarf square.
Ua ʻike pū ka hui o Dr. Wang i ka wā e hoʻohana ai i kekahi mau lole i hoʻohana mau ʻia, hāʻawi ʻia nā ʻāpana ʻelua i ka palekana ma mua o ʻehā.Hiki i kahi pahu uluna helu 600-thread ke hopu wale i 22% o nā ʻāpana ke pāpālua ʻia, akā hiki i nā papa ʻehā ke hopu i kahi kokoke i 60% o nā ʻāpana.Hoʻopili ka scarf woolen mānoanoa i ka 21% o nā ʻāpana i nā papa ʻelua a me 48.8% o nā ʻāpana i nā ʻāpana ʻehā.ʻO ka 100% pulupulu lima lima i hana i ka pōʻino loa, he 18.2% wale nō i ka wā i pāpālua ʻia, a he 19.5% wale nō no nā papa ʻehā.
Ua hoʻāʻo pū ka hui i nā kānana kofe Brew Rite a me Natural Brew basket.Ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā kānana kofe i ʻekolu papa, ʻo 40% a 50% ka pono kānana, akā ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ko lākou ea permeability ma mua o nā koho ʻē aʻe.
Inā laki ʻoe i ka ʻike ʻana i ka quilt, e noi iā lākou e hana i mask no ʻoe.Ua hōʻike ʻia nā hoʻokolohua ma ka Wake Forest Regenerative Medicine Institute ma Winston Salem, North Carolina, ua hana maikaʻi nā masks home i hana ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lole stitched.Ua kuhikuhi ʻo Kauka Segal o Wake Forest Baptist Sanitation, ka mea nāna i mālama i kēia noiʻi, e hoʻohana nā quilts i ka pulupulu kiʻekiʻe, kiʻekiʻe.Ma kāna noiʻi ʻana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā masks homemade maikaʻi loa e like me nā masks surgical, a i ʻole ka maikaʻi iki, a ʻo ka pae kānana i hoʻāʻo ʻia ʻo 70% a 79%.Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Kauka Segal he haʻahaʻa ka filtration rate o nā masks homemade e hoʻohana ana i nā lole flammable e like me 1%.
ʻO nā hana hoʻolālā maikaʻi loa he mau maka i hana ʻia i ʻelua ʻāpana o ke koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi "quilt cotton", ʻelua mau ʻāpana i hana ʻia me ka lole batik mānoanoa, a me nā ʻāpana o loko o ka flannel a me waho.ʻO ka pale pale pālua.pulupulu.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Bonnie Browning, ka luna hoʻokele o ka ʻAhahui ʻOihana Huhumu ʻAmelika, ʻoi aku ka makemake o nā quilts i ka pulupulu i ulana paʻa ʻia a me nā lole batik, e kū ana i ka wā lōʻihi.Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Ms. Browning, hiki i ka hapa nui o nā mīkini humuhumu ke hoʻopaʻa i ʻelua ʻāpana lole i ka wā e hana ai i nā mask pleated, akā hiki i ka poʻe makemake i ʻehā mau ʻāpana pale ke komo i ʻelua mau maka i ka manawa.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Ms. Browning, ua pili ʻo ia me ka quilt ma Facebook a lohe i nā leo o 71 poʻe, nāna i hana ma kahi o 15,000 mau maka.Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Ms. Browning, e noho ana ma Paducah, Kentucky: "He paʻakikī loa kā mākou mīkini humuhumu."ʻO kahi mea a ka hapa nui o mākou e hūnā i nā lole.
Hiki i ka poʻe ʻaʻole humuhumu ke hoʻāʻo i ka mask origami i pelu ʻia i hana ʻia e Jiang Wu Wu, he loea kōkua no ka hoʻolālā kūloko ma ke Kulanui ʻo Indiana.Kaulana ʻia ʻo Ms. Wu no kāna hana kiʻi hoʻoluhi ʻana.Ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia ma muli o ka ʻōlelo ʻana o kona kaikunāne ma Hong Kong (ʻo ia ka mea maʻamau i ka wā e hoʻohana ai i ka mask), ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hoʻolālā i kahi ʻano pelupi me kahi lāʻau lapaʻau a me ke kūkulu hale i kapa ʻia ʻo Tyvek a me kahi ʻeke ʻeke.Nā maka.ia.(DuPont, ka mea hana o Tyvek, i ʻōlelo ʻia i loko o kahi ʻōlelo ua hoʻolālā ʻia ʻo Tyvek no nā lole lapaʻau ma mua o nā masks.) Loaʻa ka ʻōnaehana mask foldable ma ka pūnaewele no ka manuahi, a ke hōʻike nei ke wikiō i ke kaʻina hana pelu.Ma nā hoʻokolohua i mālama ʻia e ke Kulanui o Missouri a me ke Kulanui o Virginia, ua ʻike nā kānaka ʻepekema ua lawe ʻia ka ʻeke maloʻo i ka 60% a i ka 87% o nā ʻāpana.Eia nō naʻe, loaʻa i kekahi mau ʻeke ʻeke maloʻo ka fiberglass a ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka hanu ʻana ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe, no laila ʻaʻole pono e hoʻohana ʻia.Ua hoʻohana ʻo Ms. Wu i kahi ʻeke mai EnviroCare Technologies.Ua ʻōlelo ka hui ʻaʻole ia e hoʻohana i ka fiber aniani i loko o kāna ʻeke pepa a me nā ʻeke fiber synthetic.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Ms. Wu: "Makemake au e hana i kahi koho no ka poʻe ʻaʻole humuhumu," wahi āna.Ke kamaʻilio nei ʻo ia i nā hui like ʻole e ʻimi i nā mea ʻē aʻe i kūpono i ka pelu ʻana i nā masks."I ka ʻike ʻana i ka hemahema o nā mea like ʻole, hiki ke pau ka ʻeke ʻeke."
ʻO ka mānoanoa maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia e ka poʻe ʻepekema e hana ana i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana he 0.3 microns no ka mea ʻo ia ke ana maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia e ka National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health no nā maka lapaʻau.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Linsey Marr, kahi ʻepekema aerosol ma Virginia Tech a me kahi loea hoʻoili virus, ʻo ke ʻano hōʻoia no nā respirator a me nā kānana HEPA e pili ana i ka 0.3 microns, no ka mea ʻo nā ʻāpana o kēia nui ka mea paʻakikī loa e hopu.Ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia, ʻoiai ʻaʻole paha he counterintuitive, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hopu ʻana i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi ma mua o 0.1 micron no ka mea he nui kā lākou neʻe ʻana i mea e paʻi ai i nā fibers kānana.
"ʻOiai ʻo ka coronavirus ma kahi o 0.1 microns, e lana ana ia i nā ʻano like ʻole mai ka 0.2 a hiki i nā haneli microns.ʻO kēia no ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka poʻe i ka maʻi mai nā kulu hanu, aia pū kekahi i ka nui o ka paʻakai.ʻO nā protein a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, "ʻo Kauka Marr, ʻoiai inā e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka wai i loko o nā kulu, aia nō ka nui o ka paʻakai, a ke waiho nei nā protein a me nā koena ʻē aʻe ma ke ʻano o nā mea paʻa a i ʻole like me ka gel.Manaʻo wau he mea pono ka 0.3 microns no ke alakaʻi ʻana no ka mea ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka kānana kānana a puni kēia nui, ʻo ia ka mea a NIOSH e hoʻohana ai.”