Ke hoʻāʻo nei nā ʻepekema i nā mea e pono ai i kēlā me kēia lā e ʻike i nā hana pale maikaʻi loa e kūʻē i ka coronavirus. ʻO nā ʻeke uluna, nā pālule flannel a me nā ʻeke ʻeke ʻeke origami nā moho āpau.
Manaʻo nā luna olakino Federal e hoʻohana i ka lole e uhi i ka maka i ka wā maʻi coronavirus. Akā, ʻo wai ka mea e hāʻawi i ka pale nui loa?
Ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā Centers for Disease Control and Prevention i nā hiʻohiʻona mask seamless i hana ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mīkina lima a me nā kānana kope, a me nā wikiō e pili ana i ka hana ʻana i nā masks me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kaula hao a me nā lole i pelu ʻia i loaʻa ma ka home.
ʻOiai hiki i ka uhi maka maʻalahi ke hōʻemi i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka coronavirus ma o ka pale ʻana i nā maʻi bacteria ʻē aʻe i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka ʻū ʻana a i ʻole ka ʻū ʻana o kahi mea maʻi, ʻōlelo ka poʻe loea i ka nui o ka pale ʻana o ka homemade masks i ka mea hoʻohana mai ka bacteria ma muli o ke kūpono o ka huahana. Nā mea i hoʻohana ʻia.
Ua hoʻomaka ka poʻe ʻepekema ma ka ʻāina e ʻike i nā mea hana o kēlā me kēia lā i hiki ke kānana maikaʻi i nā ʻāpana microscopic. I nā ho'āʻo hou nei, ua kiʻekiʻe nā kānana kapuahi HEPA, nā ʻeke hoʻomaʻemaʻe maloʻo, 600 mau pahu uluna a me nā lole like me nā lole moe flannel. Ua loaʻa maʻalahi nā kānana kope kope. Loaʻa ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa loa i nā mea scarf a me nā lima lima, akā ua hopu ʻia kekahi mau ʻāpana liʻiliʻi.
Inā ʻaʻohe mea i hoʻāʻo ʻia, hiki i kahi hoʻāʻo māmā maʻalahi ke kōkua iā ʻoe e hoʻoholo inā ʻo ka lole ke koho kūpono no nā masks.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Kauka Scott Segal, ka luna o ka anesthesiology ma Wake Forest Baptist Health: "E kau iā ia ma lalo o ke kukui mālamalama," ua aʻo ʻo ia i nā masks homemade. "Inā hele maʻalahi ke kukui i loko o ka fiber a aneane hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ka fiber, a laila ʻaʻole ia he lole maikaʻi. Inā ua ulana ʻia ʻoe me kahi mea ʻoi aku ka mānoanoa a ʻaʻole i hele ka mālamalama i kēlā nui, ʻo ia ka mea āu e makemake ai e hoʻohana i nā mea.
Ua ʻōlelo ka poʻe noiʻi he mea nui ia e hoʻomanaʻo ua hana ʻia ka noiʻi ʻana ma lalo o nā kūlana kūpono me ka ʻole o nā leaks a i ʻole nā ​​āpau i ka mask, akā hāʻawi ke ʻano hoʻāʻo iā mākou i kahi ala e hoʻohālikelike ai i nā mea. ʻOiai he haʻahaʻa ka pae kānana o kekahi mau masks homemade, ʻo ka hapa nui o mākou (noho ma ka home a me ka hele ʻana i ka lehulehu ma nā wahi ākea) ʻaʻole pono i ka pae kiʻekiʻe o ka pale e pono ai nā limahana lapaʻau. ʻO ka mea nui, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kēlā me kēia pale maka ma mua o ka pale maka ʻole, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi inā i loaʻa i ka maʻi maʻi akā ʻaʻole ʻike i ka maʻi maʻi.
ʻO ka paʻakikī nui loa i ke koho ʻana i kahi mea huna i hana ponoʻī ʻia ʻo ka ʻimi ʻana i kahi lole i paʻa i ka hopu ʻana i nā mea maʻi virus, akā hiki ke hanu a lawa i ka lole maoli. Loaʻa nā helu kānana kiʻekiʻe o kekahi mau mea i hoʻolaha ʻia ma ka Pūnaewele, akā ʻaʻole e pau kēia mea.
Ua hana ʻo Wang Wang, ke kaukaʻi kōkua o ka ʻenekinia kaiapuni ma Missouri University of Science and Technology, me kāna mau haumāna puka ma nā hui like ʻole o nā mea multilayer, me nā kānana ea a me nā lole. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Dr. Wang: "Pono ʻoe i kahi mea hiki ke wehe pono i nā ʻāpana, akā pono ʻoe e hanu." Ua lanakila ʻo Dr. Wang i ka International Aerosol Research Award i ka hāʻule hope loa.
I mea e hoʻāʻo ai i nā mea i kēlā me kēia lā, hoʻohana nā ʻepekema i nā ʻano like me nā mea i hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻāʻo ai i nā masks lapaʻau, a ʻae nā mea a pau e hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā limahana lapaʻau i ʻike ʻia i nā maʻi kiʻekiʻe o ka maʻi ma muli o ke kipa ʻana i nā poʻe maʻi. ʻO nā māka lapaʻau maikaʻi loa i kapa ʻia ʻo N95 gas masks - kānana ma kahi o 95% o nā mea liʻiliʻi e like me ka 0.3 microns. I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, ʻo kahi mask surgical maʻamau (i hana ʻia me ka lole pleated rectangular me nā apo pepeiao elastic) he 60% a 80%.
Ua hoʻāʻo ka hui o Kauka Wang i ʻelua ʻano kānana ea. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka kānana HVAC e hōʻemi ana i nā allergies, me hoʻokahi papa e hopu ana i ka 89% o nā ʻāpana a me nā papa ʻelua e hopu ana i ka 94% o nā ʻāpana. Hoʻopili ka kānana umu ahi i ka 75% o ka wai ma nā papa ʻelua, akā e lawe ʻia i ʻeono mau papa a hiki i 95%. No ka huli ʻana i kahi kānana e like me ka mea i hoʻāʻo ʻia, e ʻimi i ka helu haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa e hōʻike ana i ka maikaʻi (MERV) o 12 a i ʻole ke kiʻekiʻe, a i ʻole ka helu hana particulate o 1900 a ʻoi paha.
ʻO ka pilikia me nā kānana ea, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻoheheʻe i nā kaula liʻiliʻi e hiki ke hanu weliweli. No laila, inā makemake ʻoe e hoʻohana i kahi kānana, pono ʻoe e kāwīwī i ka kānana ma waena o nā ʻāpana ʻelua o ka lole pulupulu. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Dr. Wang, ua hana kekahi o kāna mau haumāna puka i kāna mask ponoʻī e like me nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo i loko o ka wikiō CDC, akā ua hoʻohui i kekahi mau papa o nā mea kānana i ka scarf square.
Ua ʻike pū ka hui o Dr. Wang i ka wā e hoʻohana ai i kekahi mau lole i hoʻohana mau ʻia, hāʻawi ʻia nā ʻāpana ʻelua i ka palekana ma mua o ʻehā. Hiki i kahi pahu uluna helu 600-thread ke hopu wale i 22% o nā ʻāpana ke pāpālua ʻia, akā hiki i nā papa ʻehā ke hopu i kahi kokoke i 60% o nā ʻāpana. Hoʻopili ka scarf woolen mānoanoa i ka 21% o nā ʻāpana i nā papa ʻelua a me 48.8% o nā ʻāpana i nā ʻāpana ʻehā. ʻO ka 100% pulupulu lima lima i hana i ka pōʻino loa, he 18.2% wale nō i ka wā i pāpālua ʻia, a he 19.5% wale nō no nā papa ʻehā.
Ua hoʻāʻo pū ka hui i nā kānana kofe Brew Rite a me Natural Brew basket. Ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā kānana kofe i ʻekolu papa, ʻo 40% a 50% ka pono kānana, akā ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ko lākou ea permeability ma mua o nā koho ʻē aʻe.
Inā laki ʻoe i ka ʻike ʻana i ka quilt, e noi iā lākou e hana i mask no ʻoe. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā hoʻokolohua ma ka Wake Forest Regenerative Medicine Institute ma Winston Salem, North Carolina, ua hana maikaʻi nā masks home i hana ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lole stitched. Ua kuhikuhi ʻo Kauka Segal o Wake Forest Baptist Sanitation, ka mea nāna i mālama i kēia noiʻi, e hoʻohana nā quilts i ka pulupulu kiʻekiʻe, kiʻekiʻe. Ma kāna noiʻi ʻana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā masks homemade maikaʻi loa e like me nā masks surgical, a i ʻole ka maikaʻi iki, a ʻo ka pae kānana i hoʻāʻo ʻia ʻo 70% a 79%. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Kauka Segal he haʻahaʻa ka filtration rate o nā masks homemade e hoʻohana ana i nā lole flammable e like me 1%.
ʻO nā hana hoʻolālā maikaʻi loa he mau maka i hana ʻia i ʻelua ʻāpana o ke koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi "quilt cotton", ʻelua mau ʻāpana i hana ʻia me ka lole batik mānoanoa, a me nā ʻāpana o loko o ka flannel a me waho. ʻO ka pale pale pālua. pulupulu.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Bonnie Browning, ka luna hoʻokele o ka ʻAhahui ʻOihana Huhumu ʻAmelika, ʻoi aku ka makemake o nā quilts i ka pulupulu i ulana paʻa ʻia a me nā lole batik, e kū ana i ka wā lōʻihi. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Ms. Browning, hiki i ka hapa nui o nā mīkini humuhumu ke hoʻopaʻa i ʻelua ʻāpana lole i ka wā e hana ai i nā mask pleated, akā hiki i ka poʻe makemake i ʻehā mau ʻāpana pale ke komo i ʻelua mau maka i ka manawa.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Ms. Browning, ua pili ʻo ia me ka quilt ma Facebook a lohe i nā leo o 71 poʻe, nāna i hana ma kahi o 15,000 mau maka. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Ms. Browning, e noho ana ma Paducah, Kentucky: "He paʻakikī loa kā mākou mīkini humuhumu." ʻO kahi mea a ka hapa nui o mākou e hūnā i nā lole.
Hiki i ka poʻe ʻaʻole humuhumu ke hoʻāʻo i ka mask origami i pelu ʻia i hana ʻia e Jiang Wu Wu, he loea kōkua no ka hoʻolālā kūloko ma ke Kulanui ʻo Indiana. Kaulana ʻia ʻo Ms. Wu no kāna hana kiʻi hoʻopololei kupaianaha. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia ma muli o ka ʻōlelo ʻana o kona kaikunāne ma Hong Kong (ʻo ia ka mea maʻamau i ka wā e hoʻohana ai i ka mask), ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hoʻolālā i kahi ʻano pelupi me kahi lāʻau lapaʻau a me ke kūkulu hale i kapa ʻia ʻo Tyvek a me kahi ʻeke ʻeke. Nā maka. ia. (DuPont, ka mea hana o Tyvek, i ʻōlelo ʻia i loko o kahi ʻōlelo ua hoʻolālā ʻia ʻo Tyvek no nā lole lapaʻau ma mua o nā masks.) Loaʻa ka ʻōnaehana mask foldable ma ka pūnaewele no ka manuahi, a ke hōʻike nei ke wikiō i ke kaʻina hana pelu. Ma nā hoʻokolohua i hana ʻia e ke Kulanui o Missouri a me ke Kulanui o Virginia, ua ʻike nā kānaka ʻepekema ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka ʻeke maloʻo i ka 60% a i ka 87% o nā ʻāpana. Eia nō naʻe, loaʻa i kekahi mau ʻeke ʻeke maloʻo ka fiberglass a ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka hanu ʻana ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe, no laila ʻaʻole pono e hoʻohana ʻia. Ua hoʻohana ʻo Ms. Wu i kahi ʻeke mai EnviroCare Technologies. Ua ʻōlelo ka hui ʻaʻole ia e hoʻohana i ka fiber aniani i loko o kāna ʻeke pepa a me nā ʻeke fiber synthetic.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Ms. Wu: "Makemake au e hana i kahi koho no ka poʻe ʻaʻole humuhumu," wahi āna. Ke kamaʻilio nei ʻo ia i nā hui like ʻole e ʻimi i nā mea ʻē aʻe i kūpono i ka pelu ʻana i nā masks. "I ka ʻike ʻana i ka hemahema o nā mea like ʻole, hiki ke pau ka ʻeke ʻeke."
ʻO ka mānoanoa maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia e ka poʻe ʻepekema e hana ana i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana he 0.3 microns no ka mea ʻo ia ke ana maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia e ka National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health no nā maka lapaʻau.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Linsey Marr, kahi ʻepekema aerosol ma Virginia Tech a me kahi loea hoʻoili virus, ʻo ke ʻano hōʻoia no nā respirator a me nā kānana HEPA e pili ana i ka 0.3 microns, no ka mea ʻo nā ʻāpana o kēia nui ka mea paʻakikī loa e hopu. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia, ʻoiai ʻaʻole paha he counterintuitive, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hopu ʻana i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi ma mua o 0.1 micron no ka mea he nui kā lākou neʻe ʻana i mea e paʻi ai i nā fibers kānana.
"ʻOiai ʻo ka coronavirus ma kahi o 0.1 microns, e lana ana ia i nā ʻano like ʻole mai ka 0.2 a hiki i nā haneli microns. ʻO kēia no ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka poʻe i ka maʻi mai nā kulu hanu, aia pū kekahi i ka nui o ka paʻakai. ʻO nā protein a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, "ʻo Kauka Marr, ʻoiai inā e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka wai i loko o nā kulu, aia nō ka nui o ka paʻakai, a ke waiho nei nā protein a me nā koena ʻē aʻe ma ke ʻano o nā mea paʻa a i ʻole like me ka gel. Manaʻo wau he mea pono ka 0.3 microns no ke alakaʻi ʻana no ka mea ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka kānana kānana a puni kēia nui, ʻo ia ka mea a NIOSH e hoʻohana ai. ”