Ma ka Pōʻakolu e hiki mai ana, Nowemapa 24, e kūkākūkā ka papa ʻaina hou loa o Driving into the Future i ke ʻano o ka wā e hiki mai ana o ka hana ʻana o ka pākaukau Kanada.Inā he manaʻo maikaʻi ʻoe - manaʻoʻiʻo maoli ʻoe e lilo nā kaʻa āpau i ka uila i ka makahiki 2035-a i ʻole ʻoe e manaʻo ʻaʻole mākou e hiki i kēlā pahuhopu koʻikoʻi, ʻo nā kaʻa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka pākaukau he ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o kā mākou wā e hiki mai ana.Inā makemake ʻo Canada e lilo i ʻāpana o kēia hoʻololi uila, pono mākou e ʻimi i kahi ala e lilo ai i mea hana alakaʻi o nā ʻōnaehana mana automotive i ka wā e hiki mai ana.I mea e ʻike ai i ke ʻano o ka wā e hiki mai ana, e nānā i ka papakaukau pōʻai pōʻai hou loa no mākou ma Kanada i kēia Pōʻakolu ma 11:00 am Eastern Time.
Poina e pili ana i nā ʻōhua paʻa.Pela no ka hype a pau e pili ana i na anodes silika.ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻoluliluli i ka honua o nā kaʻa uila.
He aha ke ʻano o ka pākaukau hale?ʻAe, he nīnau maikaʻi kēia.ʻO ka mea pōmaikaʻi iaʻu, ʻo ka mea makemake ʻole e hoʻohālike ʻaʻole oʻu ʻike loea, maʻalahi ka pane.Hoʻohana ʻia nā kaʻa uila i kēia manawa e nā ʻeke i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ke kaʻa.ʻAe, ua loaʻa iā mākou kahi ala hou e hūnā ai i ko lākou ʻano maikaʻi, ʻo ia hoʻi ke kūkulu ʻana i kēia mau pākahi lithium-ion āpau i ka papahele o ka chassis, e hana ana i kahi kahua "skateboard" i kēia manawa e like me ka hoʻolālā EV.Akā, ua kaʻawale lākou mai ke kaʻa.He mea hoʻohui, inā makemake ʻoe.
Hoʻololi nā ʻona ʻenehana i kēia paradigm ma o ka hana ʻana i nā chassis holoʻokoʻa i hana ʻia i nā ʻāpana pākahi.I ka mea e like me ka moeʻuhane e hiki mai ana, ʻaʻole wale ka papahele e haʻi ana i ka ukana-ma mua o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā ʻanuʻu, akā kekahi mau ʻāpana o ke kino-A-pou, nā kaupaku, a ʻo ia hoʻi, e like me ka hōʻike ʻana o kahi ʻoihana noiʻi, hiki ke , ea kānana pressurized lumi-ʻaʻole wale lako me nā pila, akā maoli constituted e na pila.Ma ka ʻōlelo a ka Marshall McLuhan nui, ʻo ke kaʻa he pākahi.
ʻAe, ʻoiai ke nānā aku nei nā pākahi lithium-ion hou i ka ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe, ua kaumaha lākou.ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka ikehu o ka lithium ion ma mua o ka ʻaila, no laila, no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka laulā like me nā kaʻa wahie fossil, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā pihi i nā EV hou.Nui loa.
ʻO ka mea nui, ua kaumaha lākou.E like me ke kaumaha ma ka "haawe ākea".ʻO ke kumu kumu i hoʻohana ʻia i kēia manawa no ka helu ʻana i ka nui o ka ikehu o kahi pākaukau, ʻo kēlā me kēia kilokika o ka lithium ion hiki ke hana ma kahi o 250 watt-hola o ka uila.A i ʻole ma ka honua pōkole, makemake nā ʻenekinia, 250 Wh/kg.
E hana i ka makemakika liʻiliʻi, he 100 kWh pākaukau e like me ka Tesla i hoʻopili ʻia i loko o kahi pākaukau Model S, ʻo ia hoʻi ma nā wahi āu e hele ai, e kauo ʻoe ma kahi o 400 kg o ka pākaukau.ʻO kēia ka polokalamu maikaʻi a maikaʻi loa.No mākou poʻe kamaʻāina, ʻoi aku ka pololei o ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana he 1,000 mau paona ke kaumaha o kahi pākahiko 100 kWh.E like me ka hapalua tona.
E noʻonoʻo ʻoe i kahi mea e like me ka Hummer SUT hou, e ʻōlelo ana he mana ma luna o 213 kWh.ʻOiai inā loaʻa ka mea nui i kekahi mau holomua i ka maikaʻi, e huki mau ka Hummer kiʻekiʻe ma kahi o hoʻokahi ton o nā pā.ʻAe, e holo lōʻihi aku ia, akā ma muli o kēia mau pōmaikaʻi hou aʻe, ʻaʻole i kūlike ka piʻi ʻana o ka laulā me ka pālua ʻana o ka pākaukau.ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o kāna kaʻa - ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi - e hoʻohālikelike.ʻO ka hana o nā mea ʻokoʻa māmā a pōkole.E like me ka ʻōlelo ʻana a kēlā me kēia ʻenekini kaʻa (inā no ka wikiwiki a i ʻole ka wahie) e haʻi iā ʻoe, ʻo ke kaumaha ka ʻenemi.
ʻO kēia kahi e komo ai ka pākaukau hale. Ma ke kūkulu ʻana i nā kaʻa mai nā pila ma mua o ka hoʻohui ʻana iā lākou i nā hale e kū nei, nalowale ka hapa nui o ke kaumaha.I kekahi 'ano—'o ia ho'i, ke ho'ololi 'ia nā mea hana a pau i mau pila—o ka ho'onui 'ana i ke ka'a holo ka'a e alaka'i 'ole i ka poho kaumaha.
E like me kāu e manaʻo ai-no ka mea, ʻike wau e noho ana ʻoe ma laila me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana "He manaʻo maikaʻi loa!" - aia nā mea pale i kēia hoʻonā akamai.ʻO ka mea mua, ʻo ia ka haku i ka hiki ke hana i nā pila mai nā mea i hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ʻaʻole wale e like me nā anodes a me nā cathodes no kēlā me kēia pākaukau kumu, akā ʻoi aku ka ikaika-a māmā loa!-He hale e hiki ke kākoʻo i ke kaʻa ʻelua tona a me kona poʻe kaʻa, a ua manaʻo ʻia e palekana.
ʻAʻole ia he mea kupanaha, ʻo nā ʻāpana nui ʻelua o ka pā uila ikaika loa a hiki i kēia lā-i hana ʻia e Chalmers University of Technology a hoʻopukapuka ʻia e KTH Royal Institute of Technology, ʻelua mau kula ʻenekinia kaulana loa o Suedena - ʻo ia ka carbon fiber a me ka alumini.ʻO ka mea nui, hoʻohana ʻia ke kalapona kalapona e like me ka electrode maikaʻi ʻole;Hoʻohana ka electrode maikaʻi i ka lithium iron phosphate coated alumini foil.No ka mea, ke alakaʻi nei ka fiber carbon i nā electrons, ʻaʻohe pono o ke kālā kaumaha a me ke keleawe.Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka cathode a me ka anode e ke aniani fiber matrix i loaʻa pū kekahi electrolyte, no laila ʻaʻole ia e lawe wale i nā ion lithium ma waena o nā electrodes, akā e puʻunaue pū i ka ukana hana ma waena o nā mea ʻelua.He 2.8 volts ka volt nominal o kēlā me kēia puʻupuʻu pākahi, a e like me nā pākahi kaʻa uila o kēia manawa, hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia e hana i ka 400V a i ʻole 800V maʻamau i nā kaʻa uila i kēlā me kēia lā.
ʻOiai he lele maopopo kēia, ʻoiai ʻaʻole mākaukau kēia mau kelepona kiʻekiʻe no ka manawa mua.He 25 watt-hola wale nō ko lākou ikehu no ka kilo, a ʻo ko lākou ʻoʻoleʻa hoʻolālā he 25 gigapascals (GPa), ʻoi aku ka ikaika ma mua o ka fiber glass frame.Eia naʻe, me ka loaʻa kālā mai ka Swedish National Space Agency, ua hoʻohana ka mana hou loa i ka fiber carbon ma mua o nā electrodes alumini alumini, i ʻōlelo ʻia e nā mea noiʻi he ʻoʻoleʻa a me ka ikehu.ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua manaʻo ʻia kēia mau ʻeke kalapona hou loa e hana i ka 75 watt-hola o ka uila no ka kilokani a me ka modulus Young o 75 GPa.Hiki ke hoʻomau i kēia ʻano ikehu ma hope o nā pākahi lithium-ion kuʻuna, akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kona ʻoʻoleʻa ma mua o ka alumini.I nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka pahu uila chassis diagonal i hana ʻia i kēia mau ʻāpana e like me ka ikaika o ka pā uila i hana ʻia me ka alumini, akā e hoʻemi nui ʻia ke kaumaha.
ʻO ka hoʻohana mua ʻana i kēia mau ʻenehana loea kiʻekiʻe e kokoke ana i nā mea uila uila.Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Polofesa Chalmers Leif Asp: "I loko o kekahi mau makahiki, hiki loa ke hana i kahi atamai, pona a i ʻole kaʻa uila ʻoi aku ka hapalua o ke kaumaha o kēia lā a ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī."Eia nō naʻe, e like me kā ka mea nāna i mālama i ka papahana i kuhikuhi ai, "ʻO mākou wale nō i kaupalena ʻia e ko mākou noʻonoʻo ma ʻaneʻi."
ʻAʻole wale ke kumu o nā kaʻa uila o kēia wā, akā ʻo kona loulou nāwaliwali loa.ʻOiai ʻo ka wānana maikaʻi loa hiki ke ʻike i ʻelua wale nō ka nui o ka ikehu o kēia manawa.He aha inā makemake mākou e kiʻi i ka laulā kupaianaha a mākou i hoʻohiki ai - a me he mea lā ua hoʻohiki kekahi i kēlā me kēia pule i 1,000 mau kilomita no ka uku?— Pono mākou e hana ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā pihi i nā kaʻa: pono mākou e hana i nā kaʻa mai loko mai o nā pila.
Wahi a ka poʻe loea, ʻo ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i kekahi mau ala i pōʻino, me ke ala nui ʻo Coquihalla, e mau mahina.
Ua kūpaʻa ʻo Postmedia i ka mālama ʻana i kahi kūkākūkā kūkākūkā ikaika akā pilikino a paipai i ka poʻe heluhelu āpau e kaʻana like i ko lākou manaʻo i kā mākou ʻatikala.Hiki paha i hoʻokahi hola ke ʻike ʻia nā manaʻo ma ka pūnaewele.Ke noi aku nei mākou iā ʻoe e mālama i kāu mau manaʻo pili a mahalo.Ua hiki iā mākou ke hoʻolaha i ka leka uila-inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi pane manaʻo, inā hōʻano hou ʻia kahi pae manaʻo āu e hahai ai, a inā ʻoe e hahai i ka manaʻo o ka mea hoʻohana, e loaʻa iā ʻoe i kēia manawa ka leka uila.E ʻoluʻolu e kipa i kā mākou alakaʻi kaiaulu no ka ʻike hou aku a me nā kikoʻī e pili ana i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā hoʻonohonoho leka uila.